Introduction

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Style

\[\text{Style} = \text{recurrent or prevailing choices of language features}\]

Stylistic analysis is therefore:

\[\text{Impression} \rightarrow \text{Description} \rightarrow \text{Interpretation}\]

• Style as rhetoric and eloquence
• Style as technique of exposition
• Style as personal idiosyncrasy

Concept	Definition	Examples
Genre	A category of text product based on form, content, purpose, or convention	fiction, fantasy, popular science, news report, recipe, classified ad
Style	The linguistic manner in which a text realizes its purpose	concise, objective, factual, plain, concrete, understated, action-driven

Example

Text	Genre	Style
Tolkien, fireworks scene	fantasy fiction	literary, imaginative, rhetorical, vivid
Rachel Carson, environmental pollution	popular science / non-fiction	scientific, logical, urgent, compassionate

Stylistic Features

• Phonological features

• Lexical features

• Syntactic features

• Semantic features

Motivation of Style

Example

Text Type	Features	Motivation
Classified ads	abbreviations, no sentences, clear, short and simple	economical
Recipe	numbers and terms, quantifiers, units of measurements, imperative sentences	precise and efficient
Ritual vow	repetition, parallelism, metaphor, "shall" as obligation and inevitability	highly ritualized, prepared speech for chorus

Analysis Pipeline

genre:
style:
features:
- lexical
- syntatic
- semantic
- phonological
purpose:

Example

The Hunger Games

Item	Analysis
Genre	dystopian fiction / inner monologue
Style	colloquial expression, monologue

Level	Features
Lexical	"I", "but", modal verb "can"; action verbs: sprint, scramble, grab, reach
Syntactic	short, active sentences; sometimes broken or incomplete
Semantic	actions, planning, weighing of different sides
Discourse	colloquial expression, monologue

The Night's Watch Vow

Item	Analysis
Genre	fantasy fiction / ritual vow
Style	solemn, ceremonial, powerful, archaic, highly ritualized, prepared speech for chorus

Level	Features
Phonological	one or two syllables/word; alliteration: wear-win, watcher on the walls
Lexical	short, simple and powerful words; concrete words; "shall" as obligation and inevitability
Syntactic	short, assertive sentences of identical structures
Rhetorical	metaphor, parallelism
Discourse	highly ritualized, prepared speech for chorus

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